This graph joins together the individuals that helped form the intellectual climate in which Thomas Paine lived and worked.

Each person is connected with Paine to one extent or another, and many are connected to others in the graph. We have focused on printers, publishers and members of extra governmental-organizations. These individuals were also chosen because they are represented in the Thomas Paine-related collection at the APS. In addition to the short biographies we've prepared, we also hope that you'll follow links to the Digital Library to explore the items more fully.

There will always be more connections than we can show in such a small gallery. There are always more lines to draw in the complex tapestry of intellectual history. We’ve restricted ourselves to individuals who are in some way represented in the Thomas Paine-related collections at the APS. Interested scholars are encouraged to use the sources and suggested readings to explore this topic further.

Unless indicated below, all biographies are based on entries from The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004). Available at the APS library

Additional Works Consulted

Aitken

Spawn, Willman, and Carol Spawn. 1963. The Aitken shop: identification of an eighteenth-century bindery and its tools. New York: Bibliographical Society of America.

Carlile

Campbell, Theophila Carlile. 1899. The battle of the press: as told in the story of the life of Richard Carlile. London: Bonner.

Claeys, Gregory. 1989. Thomas Paine: social and political thought. Boston: Unwin Hyman.

Cobbett

Tise, Larry E. 1998. The American counterrevolution: a retreat from liberty, 1783 - 1800. Mechanicsburg, Pa: Stackpole Books.

Edison

Edison, Thomas A., and Dragobert David Runes. 1948. The diary and sundry observations of Thomas Alva Edison. New York: Philosophical library.

Garraty, John A., and Mark C. Carnes. 2005. American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gimbel

J. E. M., "Richard Gimbel." Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 80, part 2 (October 1970): 245-247.

Gimbel, Richard. 1960. Thomas Paine fights for freedom in three worlds: the New, the old and the next: catalogue of an exhibition commemorating the one hundred fiftieth anniversary of his death, Yale University Library, October 1959. Worcester, Mass: American Antiquarian Society.

Reeves

Black, Eugene Charlton. 1963. The association: British extraparliamentary political organization, 1769-1793. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Donald, Diana. 1996. The age of caricature: satirical prints in the reign of George III. New Haven: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press

Pitt

Claeys, Gregory. 2007. The French Revolution debate in Britain: the origins of modern politics. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan.

Wollstonecraft

Claeys, Gregory. 2007. The French Revolution debate in Britain: the origins of modern politics. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan.

Robinson, Nicholas K. 1996. Edmund Burke: a life in caricature. New Haven: Yale University Press.

The following is a list of resources for those interested in reading more about these topics.

• Colonel Richard Gimbel Collection of Thomas Paine Papers, APS Finding Aid: http://amphilsoc.org/collections/view?docId=ead/Mss.B.P165-ead.xml
• Bindman, David, Aileen Dawson, and Mark Jones. 1989. The shadow of the guillotine: Britain and the French Revolution. London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Publications.
• Braithwaite, Helen. 2002. Romanticism, publishing and dissent: Joseph Johnson and the cause of liberty. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Butler, Marilyn. 1984. Burke, Paine, Godwin, and the revolution controversy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Crafton, Lisa Plummer. 1997. The French Revolution debate in English literature and culture. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
• Davis, Michael T. 2002. London Corresponding Society, 1792-1799. London: Pickering & Chatto.B
• Gilmartin, Kevin. 2008. Writing against revolution: literary conservatism in Britain, 1790-1832. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Harms, Roeland, Joad Raymond, and Jeroen Salman. 2013. Not dead things: the dissemination of popular print in England and Wales, Italy, and the Low Countries, 1500-1820. Leiden: Brill.
• Parolin, Christina. 2010. Radical spaces: venues of popular politics in London, 1790 - c. 1845. Canberra, ACT: ANU E Press.

The items represented in this gallery were digitized and described by Alina Josan, during the Spring 2015 APS Digital Library Internship.

The gallery is built with the JavaScript InfoVis Toolkit, and was constructed by Scott Ziegler, Web Development Librarian, and Alina Josan.

Additional assistance with biographical research was supplied by Wendy Wong, Ph.D.

The Digital Library Galleries offer a variety of ways to interact with the material in the collection. We add new galleries on a regular bases. See the full list of galleries here.